{"id":518,"date":"2016-06-19T23:55:44","date_gmt":"2016-06-19T20:55:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=518"},"modified":"2016-06-19T23:55:44","modified_gmt":"2016-06-19T20:55:44","slug":"egitimde-finans-kaynaklari-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=518","title":{"rendered":"E\u011fitimde Finans Kaynaklar\u0131 -3-"},"content":{"rendered":"<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de E\u011fitimin Finansman Kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitim b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kamuca finanse edilmektedir. Her \u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyinde, g\u00f6rece oranlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6zel \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 bulunmakla birlikte, kamu finansman\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, ailelerin e\u011fitim harcamalar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r. Y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterse de, e\u011fitime ayr\u0131lan bu \u00f6nemli d\u00fczeyde kamusal kaynaklar, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ko\u00ad\u015fut olarak artan e\u011fitim talebine uygun e\u011fitim hizmeti sunmaya yetmemi\u015f; T\u00fcrkiye E\u011fitim Sistemi \u00f6nemli parasal g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu parasal g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler, e\u011fitim y\u00f6neticilerini \u00f6zel finansman kaynaklar\u0131 yaratmaya itmi\u015f; bu aray\u0131\u015flar da e\u015fitlik ve e\u011fitim etkinli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015fmaya de\u011fer sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcretmi\u015flerdir (Kurul, 2012: 295).<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n pl\u00e2nlanmas\u0131nda Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131 M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kalk\u0131nma pl\u00e2nlar\u0131na uygun stratejilerle istihdam politikas\u0131n\u0131 belirleyerek, e\u011fitimin yat\u0131r\u0131m gereksinimini ve kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemektedir. B\u00f6ylelikle, e\u011fitimin durumu ve hedefler kalk\u0131nma pl\u00e2nlar\u0131yla belirlenirken di\u011fer yandan da e\u011fitim \u015f\u00fbralar\u0131yla y\u00f6nlendirilmektedir (G\u00fcvence, 2008: 78). T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de merkezi y\u00f6netim b\u00fct\u00e7esinden ayr\u0131lan pay, il \u00f6zel idareleri b\u00fct\u00e7esinden ayr\u0131lan kaynaklar, e\u011fitime katk\u0131 pay\u0131 gelirleri, d\u0131\u015f \u00fclke ve kurulu\u015flardan sa\u011flanan d\u0131\u015f krediler, burslar ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar, halk\u0131n, ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar olarak e\u011fitime yap\u0131lan katk\u0131lar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ile okul-aile birli\u011fi gelirleri e\u011fitimin ba\u015fl\u0131ca finansman kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r (MEB, 2009: 40).<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitim, temelde bireysel t\u00fcketime konu olan bir hizmettir. Bu nedenle e\u011fitimin finansman\u0131n\u0131n teorik olarak bireyler taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekir. Fakat e\u011fitim hizmetlerinden yararlanan bireylerin, ondan elde etti\u011fi bireysel faydalar\u0131n yan\u0131nda belki bundan daha fazla oranda toplumsal faydalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, e\u011fitim sonucu bireylerin gerek maddi ve gerekse maddi olmayan pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fisel kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 yan\u0131nda e\u011fitimin toplumsal katk\u0131lar\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusudur (G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve \u015ei\u015fman, 2012: 76).<\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131da da ifade edildi\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitimin yat\u0131r\u0131m ihtiyac\u0131 ve bu ihtiyac\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n temini ile ilgili kararlar \u00f6nceden al\u0131nmakta daha sonra e\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n programlanmas\u0131na ve \u00fcretimine ge\u00e7ilmektedir. E\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinin a\u015famalar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir (G\u00fcvence, 2008: 79-80):<\/p>\n<p>-Pl\u00e2nlama: MEB\u2019in ilgili birimlerince, yat\u0131r\u0131m ilke ve hedefleri tespit edilmekte, e\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131m ihtiyac\u0131, t\u00fcr ve d\u00fczeylerine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 ele al\u0131nmakta ve pl\u00e2nlanmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylelikle, e\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ilkeler saptanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>-Programlama: \u201cMEB\u2019in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilece\u011fi e\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131, birimler taraf\u0131ndan belirlenerek \u201cyat\u0131r\u0131m teklifleri\u201d \u015feklinde Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Pl\u00e2nlama ve Koordinasyon Kurulu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nca Devlet Planlama Te\u015fkilat\u0131 M\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na iletilmektedir. DPT yetkilileriyle yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonucu yat\u0131r\u0131m tekliflerinin uygunlu\u011fu belirlenmekte, Y\u00fcksek Pl\u00e2nlama Kurulu kanal\u0131 ile Bakanlar Kurulu\u2019na ve TBMM\u2019ne iletilerek yasalla\u015fmas\u0131, y\u0131ll\u0131k yat\u0131r\u0131m program\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>-Projelendirme: E\u011fitim yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, MEB taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan tip proje uygulamalar\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. E\u011fitim yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n fizik\u00ee ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in ke\u015fif, ihale, denetim, kabul ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme i\u015flemleri, Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve Tesisler Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. Yat\u0131r\u0131m program\u0131nda yer alan yeni e\u011fitim proje numaralar\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131m projeleri listesinin Resm\u00ee Gazetede yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonra Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve Tesisler Dairesi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca proje bedeli esas al\u0131narak ihale edilmektedir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k b\u00fct\u00e7elerden amaca tahsis edilen \u00f6denekle onar\u0131m i\u00e7in, genel kriterlere g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelikli olanlara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m yap\u0131larak ihalesi, denetim ve kabul\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>-Kullan\u0131m-Bak\u0131m-Onar\u0131m (\u0130\u015fletme): B\u00fcy\u00fck onar\u0131mlar\u0131n ke\u015fif haz\u0131rlama, ihale, denetim ve kabul i\u015flemlerinde etkinlik, Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar ve Tesisler Dairesinde iken k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck onar\u0131mlar\u0131, okullar kendi b\u00fcnyelerinde \u00e7\u00f6zmektedirler.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye uzunca bir s\u00fcre Gayr\u0131 Safi Mill\u00ee H\u00e2s\u0131la\u2019dan (GSMH) e\u011fitime ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 pay\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda g\u00f6zlenen olumlu geli\u015fmeler ise uzun y\u0131llar\u0131n eksi\u011fini gidermekte yetersiz kalmaktad\u0131r. GSMH\u2019den e\u011fitime ayr\u0131lan pay geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler d\u00fczeyine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa da, y\u0131llar\u0131n biriktirdi\u011fi eksiklikler sebebiyle kaynak s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ciddi boyutlarda oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Son y\u0131llarda n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen h\u00e2l\u00e2 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek seviyelerde bulunmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7 olgusu Bakanl\u0131k kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yeni okul yap\u0131m\u0131na harcanmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131t kaynaklar\u0131n nicelik sorununa y\u00f6neltilmesinden dolay\u0131 e\u011fitimde arzu edilen kalite olgusuna yeterli kaynak sa\u011flanamamaktad\u0131r. E\u011fitim hizmetlerinde kaynaklar\u0131n fiziki yat\u0131r\u0131ma y\u00f6nlendirilme zorunlulu\u011fu yan\u0131nda, \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerle kaynaklar\u0131n etkin ve verimli kullan\u0131lamamas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n da ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir (MEB, 2009: 40).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Mehmet Birekul, 2016<\/strong><\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de E\u011fitimin Finansman Kaynaklar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitim b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kamuca finanse edilmektedir. Her \u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyinde, g\u00f6rece oranlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00f6zel \u00f6\u011fretim kurumlar\u0131 bulunmakla birlikte, kamu finansman\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, ailelerin e\u011fitim harcamalar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r. Y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterse de, e\u011fitime ayr\u0131lan bu \u00f6nemli d\u00fczeyde kamusal kaynaklar, n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ko\u00ad\u015fut olarak artan e\u011fitim talebine&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=518"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/518\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}