{"id":511,"date":"2016-05-29T14:24:48","date_gmt":"2016-05-29T11:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=511"},"modified":"2016-05-29T14:24:48","modified_gmt":"2016-05-29T11:24:48","slug":"egitimde-finans-kaynaklari-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=511","title":{"rendered":"E\u011fitimde Finans Kaynaklar\u0131 -2-"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>E\u011fitimde Finansman Kaynaklar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6nemli bilgi, bireyler ve toplumlar i\u00e7in bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr ve \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir. Bu nedenle, bilginin \u00fcretimi de son derece \u00f6nemli bir konudur. Bilginin \u00fcre\u00adtimi ise, \u00f6ncelikle e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecini gerekli k\u0131lar. K\u00fcresel \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gereklerinden biri, yerel, ulusal ve uluslar aras\u0131 alanlarda rekabet eden nitelikli, uzman i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmakt\u0131r. \u00dclkelerin ekonomilerinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131, toplumsal refah\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan unsurlardan en \u00f6nemlisi, niteli\u011fi y\u00fcksek olan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu bak\u0131mdan, e\u011fitim hizmetlerinin yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, niteli\u011finin y\u00fckseltilmesi ve devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak s\u00fcreklili\u011fi olan yeterli kaynaklar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu kaynaklar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanabilece\u011fi gibi bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da bireyler taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanabilir. E\u011fitimin devlet taraf\u0131ndan veya bireysel kaynaklardan finanse edilmesi ve bu payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n hangi oranda olmas\u0131 ge\u00adrekti\u011fi, \u00fclkelerin ekonomik y\u00f6nden geli\u015fim d\u00fczeylerine, tercihlerine, e\u011fitim tale\u00adbinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, talep edilen e\u011fitimin t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00fcnyada e\u011fitime kaynak sa\u011flamada genel olarak \u00fc\u00e7 yakla\u015f\u0131m g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Bunlar (Kurul, 2012: 179):<\/p>\n<p>-E\u011fitimde kamu finansman\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131; e\u011fitimimin parasal kaynaklar\u0131, kamu y\u00f6netimi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla vergilerden sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Kamu finansman\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7eleri aras\u0131nda f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fini y\u00fckseltmesi, e\u011fitimin toplumsal yararlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne almas\u0131, e\u011fitim ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 ile ilgili bilgileri bir araya getirerek iyi kararlar al\u0131nmas\u0131na temel olu\u015fturmas\u0131 ve e\u011fitimin \u00f6l\u00e7ek ekonomisine g\u00f6re planlanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>-E\u011fitimde \u00f6zel finansman yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131; ise e\u011fitimden yararlananlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenim fiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6demesi ile e\u011fitime parasal kaynak sa\u011flanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u00d6zel finansmana gerek\u00e7e olarak, faydalanan\u0131n bedel \u00f6demesinin kullan\u0131mda etkinli\u011fi artt\u0131raca\u011f\u0131, e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecinin yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131na ve sorgulanmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 ve bireysel tercihlerin dikkate al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>-E\u011fitimde karma finansman yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131; e\u011fitime, kamu kesimi ile birlikte e\u011fitimden fayda sa\u011flayan bireyler, i\u015fletmeler ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc kurulu\u015flar\u0131n da parasal katk\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edilmektedir. Karma finansman yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na gerek\u00e7e olarak e\u011fitimde yararlanan her kesimin e\u011fitime ilgi d\u00fczeyini y\u00fckseltece\u011fi, herhangi bir kaynaktaki daralman\u0131n di\u011fer bir kaynakla telafi edilebilerek niteli\u011fin d\u00fc\u015fmesinin engellenece\u011fi ve e\u011fitimde etkinlik ve e\u015fitli\u011fe katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Kamusal harcamalar, e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim hizmetlerinin verilebilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan devlet harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder. Kamu harcamalar\u0131nda \u015feffafl\u0131k, denetlenebilirlik ve genel muhasebe ilkelerine uygunluk sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda kamu mali y\u00f6netimi ve kontrol kanunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu harcamalar devletin, vergi, bor\u00e7 ve di\u011fer gelirlerinden kar\u015f\u0131lanan harcamalard\u0131r. Bor\u00e7lar da nihai olarak vergilerle \u00f6denir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, e\u011fitim i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan kamusal harcamalar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan ve vergisini veren t\u00fcm fertlerdir. T\u00fcm toplum fertleri do\u011frudan veya dolayl\u0131 yoldan vergi verdiklerinden, e\u011fitime yap\u0131lan kamusal harcamalarda toplumun her ferdinin katk\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r. T\u00fcm toplum fertleri zorunlu e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7mektedir. Bunun anlam\u0131, t\u00fcm toplum fertleri kendi olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 kaynaklarla kendi e\u011fitimlerini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131rlar. Ki\u015fisel harcamalar yan\u0131nda, verdikleri vergilerle de e\u011fitimin finansman\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131rlar .<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitim finansman\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilirken de genel olarak \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 t\u00fcr finansman y\u00f6ntemi kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan birincisi do\u011frudan finansman y\u00f6ntemi olup, burada devletin m\u00fcdahalesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. Devlet, bu mallar\u0131n finansman\u0131n\u0131 tam kamusal mallarda oldu\u011fu gibi vergilerle kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer finansman y\u00f6ntemi ise k\u0131smi finansman y\u00f6ntemidir ve e\u011fitim mal\u0131n\u0131n vergi yerine har\u00e7larla kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Son olarak dolayl\u0131 finansman y\u00f6ntemi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6nteme g\u00f6re e\u011fitim mal\u0131 kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilmektedir. Devlet e\u011fitim mal\u0131 arz ederken, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re de bu konuda ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tan\u0131makta ve bir anlamda e\u011fitimin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Mehmet Birekul, 2016<\/strong><\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E\u011fitimde Finansman Kaynaklar\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6nemli bilgi, bireyler ve toplumlar i\u00e7in bir g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr ve \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir. Bu nedenle, bilginin \u00fcretimi de son derece \u00f6nemli bir konudur. Bilginin \u00fcre\u00adtimi ise, \u00f6ncelikle e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecini gerekli k\u0131lar. K\u00fcresel \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gereklerinden biri, yerel, ulusal ve uluslar aras\u0131 alanlarda rekabet eden nitelikli, uzman i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmakt\u0131r. \u00dclkelerin ekonomilerinin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131, toplumsal&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/511"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=511"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/511\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}