{"id":416,"date":"2015-07-25T20:38:28","date_gmt":"2015-07-25T17:38:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=416"},"modified":"2015-07-25T20:38:28","modified_gmt":"2015-07-25T17:38:28","slug":"416","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=416","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk Milli E\u011fitim Sistemi ve Okullar -6-"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>OKUL Y\u00d6NET\u0130M\u0130NDE \u0130NSAN \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0130nsan ili\u015fkileri bir \u00f6rg\u00fctteki insanlar\u0131 birle\u015ftirip ahenkle\u015ftirerek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma durumuna sokmay\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinen bir y\u00f6netim eylemidir. B\u00f6ylece, o insanlar\u0131n hem i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve verimi artar, hem de sosyal, ekonomik ve psikolojik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olur. \u0130nsan ili\u015fkileri kavram ve eylemi, \u00fcretici yararlar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirmeyi hedef tutar ve \u00f6rg\u00fct ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n en verimli bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunur. \u0130nsan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda, temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n bilinmesi gerekir. Bu ihtiya\u00e7lar, \u00f6rg\u00fct ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine yard\u0131m edecek bi\u00e7imde kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rsa, \u00f6rg\u00fct yararlar\u0131 ile \u00fcyelerinin yararlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bir \u00f6rg\u00fct ortam\u0131nda insan ili\u015fkilerini etkileyen unsurlar 6 grupta toplanabilir:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.Grup davran\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong> Ortak bir ama\u00e7, bir ihtiya\u00e7, bir inan\u00e7, \u00e7evresinde iki ya da daha fazla insan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde bulunmas\u0131 ile olu\u015fan toplulu\u011fa grup denir.Gruplar bir tak\u0131m \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ayn\u0131 kimli\u011fi olmak<\/li>\n<li>Bir sosyal yap\u0131ya sahip olmak<\/li>\n<li>Sosyal roller da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler<\/li>\n<li>Sosyal kontrol<\/li>\n<li>Ortak \u00e7\u0131kar ve de\u011ferlere sahip olmak<\/li>\n<li>Belirli bir s\u00fcre devam etmek<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2.G\u00fcd\u00fcleme(Motivasyon):<\/strong>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ve bireylerin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tatminle sonu\u00e7lanacak bir i\u015f ortam\u0131 yaratarak bireyin harekete ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in etkilenmesi ve isteklendirilmesi s\u00fcreci,olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.G\u00fcd\u00fcleme,i\u00e7inde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen \u00fc\u00e7 kavram\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>1)Enerji: Harekete ge\u00e7meyi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>2)Y\u00f6n: \u00d6rg\u00fctsel ba\u011flamda,\u00f6rg\u00fct ama\u00e7 ve hedefleri do\u011frultusunda hareket etme<\/p>\n<p>3)Devaml\u0131l\u0131k: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n verilen g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in\u00a0 ne kadar s\u00fcreli ve hangi ko\u015fullarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.De\u011fi\u015fme:<\/strong> Planl\u0131 ya da plans\u0131z bir bi\u00e7imde bir sistemin, bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 veya bir ortam\u0131n,belli bir durumdan ba\u015fka bir duruma ge\u00e7irilmesi olarak,tan\u0131mlanabilir.De\u011fi\u015fiklik \u015fu durumlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir:<\/p>\n<p>a)Yeni ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, genellikle de\u011fi\u015fmeye yol a\u00e7an yeni durumlar gerektirir.<\/p>\n<p>b)Bilgi birikimi, eldeki bilginin \u00e7e\u015fidine ve miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>c)Var olan h\u00e2kim de\u011ferlerin tipi ve ki\u015filerin bunlara olan genel tutum ve donan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fme \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>d)Stat\u00fc ve s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n farkl\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015flevlerin uzmanla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda da de\u011fi\u015fme olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma:<\/strong> \u00c7ok de\u011fi\u015fik ortam ve d\u00fczeylerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakla birlikte, genel anlamda \u201cbir se\u00e7ene\u011fi tercih etmede bireyin ya da bir grubun g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 ve bunun sonucu olarak karar verme mekanizmalar\u0131nda bozulma\u201d diye tan\u0131mlanabilir. \u00c7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlere sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yararlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00c7at\u0131\u015fma sonucunda taraflar kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak amac\u0131yla t\u00fcm yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyacaklar\u0131 orijinal ve iyi fikirler ortaya \u00e7\u0131karacak, bunlardan \u00f6rg\u00fct y\u00f6netiminde yararlanma imkan\u0131 bulabilecektir.<\/p>\n<p>2)Uzun s\u00fcredir s\u00fcr\u00fcncemede kalan ve bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulamam\u0131\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ve bireysel sorunlar incelenerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenecek,b\u00f6ylece,gerilim azalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>3)\u00d6rg\u00fctsel etkinli\u011fi ve verimlili\u011fi uzun s\u00fcredir olumsuz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkileyen bir\u00e7ok sorun su y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kacak, tansiyon, ilgi ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fc biir araya gelerek g\u00fcd\u00fclemeyi art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>4)\u00c7at\u0131\u015fan bireyler veya taraflar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ile kendi bilgi yetenek ve kapasitelerini de\u011ferlendirme \u015fanslar\u0131na da sahip olabileceklerdir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.Kat\u0131lma:<\/strong>Birbirine dayal\u0131 eylemlerden meydana gelen \u00f6rg\u00fctte her \u00fcyenin g\u00fcc\u00fcne g\u00f6re,kendi pay\u0131na d\u00fc\u015feni di\u011ferlerine ili\u015fkin olarak yapmas\u0131d\u0131r.Y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lman\u0131n yararlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr:<\/p>\n<p>1)Y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lma,\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filerin g\u00fcd\u00fclenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli olan bir husustur.<\/p>\n<p>2)Y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lman\u0131n yararlar\u0131ndan \u00a0 biride, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131n\u0131n tav\u0131r ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmektir.<\/p>\n<p>3)Y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lma, bazen e\u011fitsel ama\u00e7larla ba\u015fvurulan bir ara\u00e7 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>4)Y\u00f6netime kat\u0131lma, ki\u015fisel ama\u00e7larla \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ama\u00e7lar\u0131n dengelenmesinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsenmeyecek bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6.Moral:<\/strong> Tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi zor olan sosyal ve psikolojik kavramlardan biridir.Birey i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labildi\u011fi gibi gruplar i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Bir \u00f6rg\u00fctte moral d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn en belirgin g\u00f6stergesi, i\u015f g\u00f6renlerin \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc b\u0131rakmalar\u0131,\u00f6rg\u00fctten ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rg\u00fcte ge\u00e7mek istemeleridir.Morale etki eden baz\u0131 fakt\u00f6rleri \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralayabiliriz:<\/p>\n<p>a)Personelin i\u015finden duydu\u011fu tatmin derecesi<\/p>\n<p>b)\u00dcst\u00fcn asta kar\u015f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n<p>c)Personelin i\u015finde ilerlemek arzusu<\/p>\n<p>d)Personelin i\u015f yerinde,i\u015f arkada\u015flar\u0131yla ge\u00e7inme durumu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rg\u00fctte morali y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in,e\u011fitim y\u00f6neticisinin g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduraca\u011f\u0131 ilkelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>1)Yap\u0131n\u0131n iyi kurulmas\u0131 ve sosyal ili\u015fki kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n kesin olmas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>2)Y\u00f6neticinin \u00e7evresine g\u00fcven vermesi<\/p>\n<p>3)Y\u00f6neticinin, en yak\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131ca se\u00e7mesi<\/p>\n<p>4)\u0130leti\u015fim sisteminin s\u00fcrekli olarak geli\u015ftirilmesi<\/p>\n<p>5)Y\u00f6neticinin, \u00f6rg\u00fct ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ile \u00fcyelerinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda dengeli bir tutum g\u00f6zetmesi<\/p>\n<p>6)Bireyin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerine y\u00f6netimden \u00e7ok grup davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 yoluyla etki yap\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>7)\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn sosyal bir sistem oldu\u011fu ve b\u00f6yle bir sisteme has \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n unutulmamas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Mehmet Birekul, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OKUL Y\u00d6NET\u0130M\u0130NDE \u0130NSAN \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130 \u0130nsan ili\u015fkileri bir \u00f6rg\u00fctteki insanlar\u0131 birle\u015ftirip ahenkle\u015ftirerek, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma durumuna sokmay\u0131 ama\u00e7 edinen bir y\u00f6netim eylemidir. B\u00f6ylece, o insanlar\u0131n hem i\u015fbirli\u011fi ve verimi artar, hem de sosyal, ekonomik ve psikolojik ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olur. \u0130nsan ili\u015fkileri kavram ve eylemi, \u00fcretici yararlar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirmeyi hedef tutar ve \u00f6rg\u00fct ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n en verimli bi\u00e7imde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunur.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/416"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=416"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/416\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=416"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=416"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}