{"id":394,"date":"2015-07-10T02:08:01","date_gmt":"2015-07-09T23:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=394"},"modified":"2015-07-10T02:08:01","modified_gmt":"2015-07-09T23:08:01","slug":"394","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=394","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk Milli E\u011fitim Sistemi ve Okullar -4-"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kamu Y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Geni\u015f anlamda kamu y\u00f6netimi, d\u00fczenli topluluklarda kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015fini ve i\u015fleyi\u015fini i\u00e7erir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck dilde ise kamu y\u00f6netimi ile federal, fdr ve yerel y\u00f6netimlerin y\u00fcr\u00fctme organlar\u0131, kongrece ve fdr devletlerin yasama meclislerinde kurulan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurul ve komisyonlar, iktisadi kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 uzmanl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131 kastedilir. Kamu y\u00f6netimi, toplumdaki bireylerin insanca ya\u015fayabilmelerini ve kanunun gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak amac\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcder.<\/p>\n<p><strong>E\u011fitim Y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitim y\u00f6netimini \u00f6teki y\u00f6netimlerden ay\u0131ran \u00f6zellikler e\u011fitim \u00f6zelli\u011finden do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fitimin oldu\u011fu gibi e\u011fitim y\u00f6netiminin de en \u00f6nemli konusu insand\u0131r. E\u011fitim y\u00f6netimi, insan ve insanlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu toplumu her y\u00f6nden geli\u015ftirip, zenginle\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Okul Y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Okul y\u00f6netimin g\u00f6revi, okuldaki t\u00fcm insan ve madde kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 en verimli bi\u00e7imde kullanarak, okulu ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun olarak ya\u015fatmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Y\u00d6NET\u0130M S\u00dcRE\u00c7LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Klasik denilebilecek ilk s\u0131ralama Fayol taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve y\u00f6netim s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6\u011feleri planlama, \u00f6rg\u00fctleme, y\u00f6neltme, koordinasyon ve kontrol olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. E\u011fitim y\u00f6netimi alan\u0131ndaki yeni yazarlar y\u00f6netim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini karar, planlama, \u00f6rg\u00fctleme, ileti\u015fim, etki, koordinasyon ve de\u011ferlendirme olarak s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u00f6\u011feler bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak y\u00f6netim s\u00fcrecini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Karar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00d6rg\u00fctte her t\u00fcrl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapmak amac\u0131yla ba\u015fvurulan kurumla\u015fm\u0131\u015f toplu bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Okul y\u00f6neticisinin karar s\u00fcreci bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yapaca\u011f\u0131 ilk giri\u015fim, okul y\u00f6netimi etkileyen \u00f6\u011felerin her birini birer karar organ\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rebilmek ve kabul edebilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Planlama:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in, gerekecek insan g\u00fcc\u00fc ve teknoloji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131, bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerini kararla\u015ft\u0131rma eylemidir. Bir ba\u015fka tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re \u201cplanlama, ne yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na \u00f6nceden karar verilmesidir.\u201d Yine \u201cplanlama, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kaynak ve ara\u00e7larla en y\u00fcksek tatmin sa\u011flama sanat\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>E\u011fitimin Planlamas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Rasyonel ve d\u00fczenli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme tekni\u011finin e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecine, e\u011fitimi \u00f6\u011frencilerin ve toplumun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamada ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmede daha etkili k\u0131lmak amac\u0131yla uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rg\u00fctleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Planlar\u0131n verimli ve ekonomik bi\u00e7imde uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flama ve devam ettirme yolundaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara \u00f6rg\u00fctleme denir. Bir ba\u015fka tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re \u00f6rg\u00fctleme, amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan ara\u00e7 ve imk\u00e2nlar\u0131 bir d\u00fczende toplamakt\u0131r. Bir \u00f6rg\u00fctleme olay\u0131nda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulacak hususlar:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer \u00f6rg\u00fct ve ki\u015filerle ili\u015fkilerinin niteli\u011fi ve bi\u00e7imi<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fcrekli veya ge\u00e7ici olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn gelecekte b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclme ihtimali<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurulu\u015f yeri ve yay\u0131lma alanlar\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rg\u00fct i\u00e7in gerekli olan kaynaklar\u0131n neler oldu\u011fu ve nas\u0131l sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn personel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n<li>\u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcn yasal yetkilerinin neler oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn kurulu\u015f nedenleridir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0130leti\u015fim:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130stenen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ba\u015farmak ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 etkilemek amac\u0131yla insanlar aras\u0131nda s\u00f6zl\u00fc ya da s\u00f6zl\u00fc olmayan di\u011fer ara\u00e7larla anlay\u0131\u015f sa\u011flamad\u0131r. \u0130leti\u015fim i\u015flevsel anlamda analiz edildi\u011finde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6zellikleri kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0130leti\u015fim alg\u0131lamakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130leti\u015fim beklentidir.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130leti\u015fim talepler yarat\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>\u0130leti\u015fim ve bilgi hem birbirinden farkl\u0131 ve hem de birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0130leti\u015fim bir etkileme arac\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat bu arac\u0131 yersiz kullanan e\u011fitim y\u00f6neticisi, ileti\u015fimin amac\u0131n\u0131 zay\u0131flatm\u0131\u015f olur. S\u00f6z gelimi ziyaret\u00e7i ve astlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeden \u00f6nce bekleten y\u00f6netici, onu g\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00f6nemi ile etkilemek niyetindedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>E\u011fitimde \u0130leti\u015fim<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitim y\u00f6neticisinin izleyece\u011fi ileti\u015fim stratejisi ve ilkeleri \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetlenebilir:<\/p>\n<p>1.Giri\u015fimi ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce ele almak<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00c7evresindekilerin i\u015fbirli\u011fini sa\u011flamak<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00c7evredeki liderleri de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar katmak<\/p>\n<p>4.Kat\u0131lanlar\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fclemek<\/p>\n<p>5.Ba\u015far\u0131lan i\u015fleri ortaya koymak<\/p>\n<p>6.S\u00f6ylentilere ger\u00e7eklerle engel olmak<\/p>\n<p>7.\u0130leti\u015fim engellerini bilmek ve de\u011ferlendirmek<\/p>\n<p>8.\u00d6nemli haberleri tekrarlamak<\/p>\n<p>9.Her ileti\u015fim arac\u0131ndan yararlanmak<\/p>\n<p>10.\u0130leti\u015fimi aral\u0131ks\u0131z s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek<\/p>\n<p>11.Destek ve kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00fc\u00e7leri tan\u0131mak<\/p>\n<p><strong>Etki<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00dcst kademedeki y\u00f6neticilerin alt kademedekilerin kararlar\u0131na tesir etmeyi \u00f6ng\u00f6ren tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131na etkileme denir. D\u0131\u015f etki yollar\u0131; yetki, enformasyon ve hizmet i\u00e7i e\u011fitimdir. \u0130\u00e7 etki yollar\u0131 ise; bireysel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn benimsenmesi ve karar s\u00fcrecine kat\u0131lma imkan\u0131n\u0131n verilmesidir. Bir \u00f6rg\u00fctte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fcyelere etki yollar\u0131ndan biri de te\u015fviktir. Te\u015fvik \u00f6\u011feleri maddi ve manevi olarak grupland\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Koordinasyon<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rg\u00fctteki madde ve insan kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi, bilgi ve becerilerin uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu yollarla \u00f6rg\u00fct ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan eylemleri kapsar. Koordinasyonun iki g\u00f6revi verme ve y\u00f6neltmedir. Koordinasyon bir giri\u015fimi kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n birbirini eyleminden haberli olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. Koordinasyonu olu\u015fturan 3 temel \u00f6\u011fe bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar:<\/p>\n<p>1.Ahenkli Birle\u015ftirme<\/p>\n<p>2.\u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi<\/p>\n<p>3.Te\u015fvik(\u00d6zendirme) dir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>De\u011ferlendirme:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>De\u011ferlendirmenin amac\u0131; uygulaman\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131 derecesini tarafs\u0131z olarak belirleyebilmektir. De\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcrecinin d\u00f6rt a\u015famas\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong>Yap\u0131lan veya yap\u0131lacak olan fonksiyonlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri belirlenir.Yap\u0131lacak i\u015flem ve eylemlerin belli bir s\u00fcreye yay\u0131lmas\u0131 bunlar\u0131n kimler taraf\u0131ndan,nerede,nas\u0131l ve ne zaman yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi ve ortaya konmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong>\u0130\u015fg\u00f6renlerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flem ve eylemlerin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong>\u0130\u015fg\u00f6renlerin de\u011ferlendirme sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olande\u011ferlendirme \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong>Aksakl\u0131klar\u0131n ve olumsuzluklar\u0131n ortaya konulmas\u0131d\u0131r(Terrill,1977,s.365).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<strong>Mehmet Birekul, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Kamu Y\u00f6netimi Geni\u015f anlamda kamu y\u00f6netimi, d\u00fczenli topluluklarda kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015fini ve i\u015fleyi\u015fini i\u00e7erir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck dilde ise kamu y\u00f6netimi ile federal, fdr ve yerel y\u00f6netimlerin y\u00fcr\u00fctme organlar\u0131, kongrece ve fdr devletlerin yasama meclislerinde kurulan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kurul ve komisyonlar, iktisadi kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve di\u011fer baz\u0131 uzmanl\u0131k kurumlar\u0131 kastedilir. Kamu y\u00f6netimi, toplumdaki bireylerin insanca ya\u015fayabilmelerini ve&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/394"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=394"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/394\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}