{"id":388,"date":"2015-07-02T19:15:25","date_gmt":"2015-07-02T16:15:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=388"},"modified":"2015-07-02T19:15:25","modified_gmt":"2015-07-02T16:15:25","slug":"388","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=388","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk Milli E\u011fitim Sistemi ve Okullar -3-"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Y\u00d6NET\u0130M<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Y\u00f6netim Kavram\u0131n\u0131n Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Y\u00f6netim, \u201chiyerar\u015fideki bir \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6rg\u00fctleyici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131saca tan\u0131mlamak gerekirse y\u00f6netim, toplumsal ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik kesimlerinin d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lamakta, ama her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, insanlar\u0131n bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n egemenli\u011fini benimsemelerini,kendileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir iradeye boyun e\u011fmelerini i\u00e7ermektedir(Fi\u015fek,1979,ss.51-52).<\/p>\n<p>Waldo ve di\u011ferleri, \u201cy\u00f6netimi, \u00f6rg\u00fct ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in insan ve madde kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n, etkili bir \u015fekilde koordine edilerek i\u015flerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrler.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde e\u011fitim y\u00f6netimi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir\u00e7ok bat\u0131l\u0131 yazar, bizdeki ilk y\u00f6netici okulu olarak Fatih Sultan Mehmet taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Enderun\u2019u g\u00f6rmektedir. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda isim yapm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6yle bir kurum varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine ra\u011fmen, on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131na kadar, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti genel e\u011fitiminin \u00f6nemini g\u00f6rememi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece \u015eeyh\u00fclislaml\u0131k i\u00e7inde kurulmu\u015f bulunan Ders Vekilli\u011fi silik bir makam olarak kalm\u0131\u015f ve bir merkez organizasyonunun yap\u0131 ve fonksiyon \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6sterememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Re\u015fit Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n giri\u015fimiyle ba\u015flayan Tanzimat reformlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Frans\u0131z modelinin baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ile 1840\u2019da kamu y\u00f6netimimize uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu uygulama, e\u011fitimimizin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc organizasyon yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temelinin olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Piramit bir forma giren bu yap\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, e\u011fitim y\u00f6neticisi hiyerar\u015fideki yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r(Bursal\u0131o\u011flu,1965,s.29,30).<\/p>\n<p>M.Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019e g\u00f6re e\u011fitim, ulusal idealleri beslemek, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ve ulusal bir devlet yaratmak, dinamik ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f bir toplum kurmak i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131.Bundan dolay\u0131,halk\u0131 e\u011fitmek devletin \u00f6nemli ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz g\u00f6reviydi.Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmede ilk ad\u0131m,milli bir e\u011fitim sistemi geli\u015ftirmekti.\u0130\u015fte ,31 Mart 1924 tarihinde kabul edilen Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu; \u00fclkede, y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r devam eden ve modern okullar yan\u0131nda yer alan geleneksel e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131na son veriyor, Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011fu alt\u0131nda laik bir e\u011fitim sistemi kuruluyordu.<\/p>\n<p>John Dewey, 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde 2 ay s\u00fcren incelemeleri sonunda \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Maarifi Hakk\u0131nda\u201d bir rapor haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu raporda, Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u015fleri kendi b\u00fcnyesinde toplamak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fe gidebilece\u011fi tehlikesine dikkati \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fin okul y\u00f6netiminin ve \u00f6\u011fretmenin geli\u015fmesi \u00f6zelliklerini yok edebilece\u011fini temas etmi\u015ftir. Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, artan e\u011fitim ihtiyac\u0131na cevap verecek bi\u00e7imde daha foksiyonel hale getirilmesi ve g\u00f6revlerinin yeniden belirlenmesi amac\u0131yla, Milli E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Te\u015fkilat ve G\u00f6revleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019da de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Genel De\u011ferlendirme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemizde e\u011fitim y\u00f6netimi biliminin kuramsal temelleri 1970\u2019li y\u0131llardan sonra yeterinde incelenmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7ta iki \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sorunlardan ilki, e\u011fitim y\u00f6netimi bilimi alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bilim adamlar\u0131, hala e\u011fitim y\u00f6netimi biliminin kuramnsal temellerini i\u015fletme y\u00f6netimine dayand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u0130kincisi uygulamac\u0131 konumunda bulunan okul y\u00f6neticileri, e\u011fitim y\u00f6netimi alan\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirilmemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fitim y\u00f6netim bilimi alan\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n kamuoyuna ve bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131na tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda baz\u0131 aksamalar ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda alandaki geli\u015fmeleri ilgililere aktaracak yay\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelmektedir. \u00dcniversitelerin bu y\u00f6ndeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve \u00e7abalar\u0131, mali olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar nedeniyle s\u0131\u011f ve k\u0131s\u0131r kalmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 bilimsel dergiler, yazarlar\u0131n maddi katk\u0131lar\u0131yla ayakta kalabilmektedir. Bu uygulama, \u00fclke ad\u0131na, bilim ad\u0131na, akademisyen ad\u0131na \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6zendirmeyi ortadan kald\u0131ran ve morali bozup, verimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren bir durumdur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Mehmet Birekul, 2015<\/strong><\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Y\u00d6NET\u0130M Y\u00f6netim Kavram\u0131n\u0131n Tan\u0131m\u0131 ve A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131: Y\u00f6netim, \u201chiyerar\u015fideki bir \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6rg\u00fctleyici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131saca tan\u0131mlamak gerekirse y\u00f6netim, toplumsal ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik kesimlerinin d\u00fczenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lamakta, ama her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, insanlar\u0131n bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n egemenli\u011fini benimsemelerini,kendileri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir iradeye boyun e\u011fmelerini i\u00e7ermektedir(Fi\u015fek,1979,ss.51-52). Waldo ve di\u011ferleri, \u201cy\u00f6netimi, \u00f6rg\u00fct ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in insan ve madde kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n, etkili bir \u015fekilde&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/388"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=388"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/388\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=388"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=388"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=388"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}