{"id":342,"date":"2015-04-17T20:02:18","date_gmt":"2015-04-17T17:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=342"},"modified":"2015-04-17T20:02:18","modified_gmt":"2015-04-17T17:02:18","slug":"liberalizm-liberal-ekonomi-ve-osmanli-egitim-sisteminin-liberal-ekonomik-yapisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/?p=342","title":{"rendered":"L\u0130BERAL\u0130ZM, L\u0130BERAL EKONOM\u0130 ve OSMANLI E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M S\u0130STEM\u0130N\u0130N L\u0130BERAL EKONOM\u0130K YAPISI -I-"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u0130BERAL\u0130ZM, L\u0130BERAL EKONOM\u0130 ve<\/strong><\/p>\n

OSMANLI E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M S\u0130STEM\u0130N\u0130N L\u0130BERAL EKONOM\u0130K YAPISI \u00a0 \u00a0-I-<\/strong><\/p>\n

Liberalizm nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Genel anlamda liberalizm, bireylerin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu, din, devlet\u00a0ve kimi zaman kurumlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin serbest bir \u015fekilde dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcse olanak sa\u011flayan bir serbest piyasa ekonomisinin oldu\u011fu, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7erli k\u0131lan \u015feffaf bir devlet modelini ve toplumsal hayat d\u00fczenini hedefler.<\/p>\n

Etimolojisi ve tarihsel kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Liberal kelimesi Latince liber’den (\u00f6zg\u00fcr) t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. Livy’nin (Titus Livius) History of Rome from Its Foundation eserinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 tabaka ile aristokasi aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc liberal s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Frans\u0131zca lib\u00e9ral ‘den geldi\u011fini belirtir ve \u015fu anlamlar\u0131 verir:<\/p>\n

1- H\u00fcrriyet ve serbestlikle ilgili.<\/p>\n

2- Serbest ekonomiden yana olan (kimse, parti vb).<\/p>\n

3- Ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fc.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren liberalizm geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in ana ideolojik ak\u0131mlardan biri haline geldi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Liberalizmde e\u011filimler<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Yukar\u0131da anlat\u0131lan temel \u00e7er\u00e7eve dahilinde olmakla birlikte, liberalizm i\u00e7inde derin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ve kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar bulunur. Bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar klasik liberalizm d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kimi farkl\u0131 e\u011filimler olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmada kar\u015f\u0131t taraflar farkl\u0131 kavramlar i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kimi zaman da ayn\u0131 kavram i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

    1-\u00a0Politik liberalizm:<\/strong>\u00a0Liberal demokrasi taraftarl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n

    2-\u00a0K\u00fclt\u00fcrel liberalizm:<\/strong>\u00a0Bireysel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin kimi devletsel ve\/veya dini sebepler sebebiyle k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n

    3-\u00a0Ekonomik liberalizm:<\/strong>\u00a0Devlet m\u00fcdahalesine ve m\u00fclkiyetine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 taraftarl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n

    4-\u00a0Sosyal liberalizm:<\/strong>\u00a0F\u0131rsat e\u015fitsizli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 olarak e\u015fitlik taraftarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    5-\u00a0Muhafazakar liberalizm:<\/strong>\u00a0Bireysel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck,serbest\u00a0 ekonomi\u00a0giri\u015fimcili\u011fi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, din\u00a0ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc halk\u0131n geleneksel ,k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131 dikkate deger al\u0131narak reformu \u00f6ng\u00f6ren sa\u011fc\u0131 ideoloji \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    6-\u00a0Modern liberalizm:<\/strong>\u00a0Modern liberalizm kavram\u0131yla ise yukar\u0131da listelenen saf formlardan ziyade, bug\u00fcn hemen hemen t\u00fcm birinci\u00a0 d\u00fcnya\u00a0\u00fclkelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen, bu formlar\u0131n bir harman\u0131 olan liberalizm anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Politik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel liberalizm kendini liberal olarak tan\u0131mlayan insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan benzer bir \u015fekilde alg\u0131lan\u0131p benimsenir, fakat ekonomik ve sosyal liberalizm konusunda geni\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar mevcuttur.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Temel ilkeleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

    1-\u00a0Bireysellik:<\/strong>\u00a0Bireyi esas al\u0131p onu b\u00fct\u00fcn di\u011fer kurumlardan \u00fcst\u00fcn tutan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yani birey m\u00fc\u015fterek olan toplum, devlet gibi kurumlardan \u00f6nce gelir. Hareket noktas\u0131 kutsal kabul edilen bireydir. Ekonomik hayata da bu anlay\u0131\u015f yans\u0131r. T\u00fcm toplumsal kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde birey vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    2-\u00a0Ussall\u0131k (Rasyonellik, Ak\u0131lc\u0131l\u0131k) varsay\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Bireyin ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131 yollar\u0131 kendisinden daha iyi kimsenin bilemeyece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. Bir liberal i\u00e7in herkes kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda rasyonel davranabilme yetisine sahiptir ve kendi mutlulu\u011funu nas\u0131l sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini ba\u015fkalar\u0131ndan iyi bilir. Her bireysel se\u00e7im bu varsay\u0131mdan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc\u00a0 rasyonel <\/strong>kabul edilir ve bundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc de dokunulmaz nitelik kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    3-\u00a0\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck:<\/strong>\u00a0Liberalizmin en esasl\u0131 noktalar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bireyin h\u00fcr olmas\u0131, istedi\u011fini bask\u0131ya maruz kalmadan yapmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ama bu durum p\u00fcr \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Bu tarz \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck negatif bir noktaya y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. Liberalizmde bu t\u00fcr p\u00fcr \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck kabul edilmemektedir. Yani bir bireyin di\u011ferlerinin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlamamas\u0131 gerekir. Libertaryenler ise i\u015fte bu negatif, p\u00fcr \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc istiyorlar.<\/p>\n

    4-\u00a0Do\u011fal D\u00fczen:<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cB\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z yaps\u0131nlar, b\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z ge\u00e7sinler !\u201d felsefesidir. D\u00fcnya kendi kendine gider. B\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z yaps\u0131nlar; devletin herhangi bir mal\u0131n \u00fcretimini herhangi bir sebeple yasaklamamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. B\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z ge\u00e7sinler ise; devletin mal ve sermaye dola\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 herhangi bir nedenle g\u00fcmr\u00fck gibi \u00f6nlemlerle s\u0131n\u0131rlamamas\u0131 gereklili\u011fidir. B\u0131rak\u0131n\u0131z ge\u00e7sinler felsefesi hem \u00fcretici hem de t\u00fcketici a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. \u00dcretici daha \u00e7ok para kazan\u0131rken t\u00fcketici de daha ucuza mal bulur.<\/p>\n

    5–<\/strong>\u00a0Piyasa Ekonomisi:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Mal ve hizmet fiyat\u0131n\u0131n piyasada belirlendi\u011fi ekonomi sistemidir.<\/p>\n

    6– S\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 Sorumlu Devlet<\/strong>: Ekonomiye devlet m\u00fcdahalesi yoksa fertler istedikleri mal ve hizmetleri \u00fcretiyorlarsa s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 sorumlu devlet vard\u0131r. Devlet ancak i\u00e7 g\u00fcvenlik, d\u0131\u015f g\u00fcvenlik, adalet, e\u011fitim,\u00a0 sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00a0ve alt yap\u0131 hizmetlerini g\u00f6rmelidir.<\/p>\n

    T\u00fcm bunlar liberalizm sistemini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

    Yaz\u0131n\u0131n Devam\u0131…<\/p>\n

    Mehmet Birekul,2015<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    L\u0130BERAL\u0130ZM, L\u0130BERAL EKONOM\u0130 ve OSMANLI E\u011e\u0130T\u0130M S\u0130STEM\u0130N\u0130N L\u0130BERAL EKONOM\u0130K YAPISI \u00a0 \u00a0-I- Liberalizm nedir? Genel anlamda liberalizm, bireylerin ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu, din, devlet\u00a0ve kimi zaman kurumlar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin serbest bir \u015fekilde dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zel te\u015febb\u00fcse olanak sa\u011flayan bir serbest piyasa ekonomisinin oldu\u011fu, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7erli k\u0131lan \u015feffaf bir devlet modelini ve toplumsal hayat d\u00fczenini…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=342"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/342\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=342"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mbirekul.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}